Archive for Anxiety
Orthorexia: Where Eating Disorders Meet OCD – Part 2
Effective Strategies and Predictable Complications in the Treatment of Orthorexia
In our previous article about Orthorexia, we described this relatively unknown and misunderstood condition. In this, the second and final installment in this series, we discuss strategies and pitfalls in the treatment of Orthorexia.
Orthorexia can be effectively treated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness
Orthorexia, being a somewhat new conceptualization of a psychological disorder, is under-researched and often misunderstood within the mental health and medical communities. Many mental health professionals have found success treating individuals with Orthorexia using evidence-based treatment methods that are used to treat other Eating Disorders, OCD, and related OC Spectrum Disorders.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness are two highly effective treatment methods used to treat Orthorexia. Using CBT, individuals with Orthorexia learn to challenge and change their distorted thoughts (cognitions) related to their body and the foods they eat. Education about nutrition and what is considered “healthy” should also be integrated into CBT when treating Orthorexia, using logical, evidence-based strategies. › Continue reading
Casey Anthony, Reasonable Doubt, and OCD
The concept "reasonable doubt" may help some better understand OCD
When most people think of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), they think of people excessively washing their hands or repeatedly checking their doors and windows to see if they are locked. But there are many variations of OCD, including a subtype in which people have intrusive, unwanted thoughts about harming spouses, friends, co-workers, strangers, or even their own children. Sometimes called “Harm OCD”, this condition falls under the category of what is commonly called Pure Obsessional OCD, or “Pure O”, because both the obsessions and the compulsions are primarily mental.
People with Harm OCD often perform mental checking rituals just as others with OCD might physically check their stove over and over again in an effort to feel sure that they haven’t accidentally left a burner on. They might repeatedly monitor and analyze their mental processes in an effort to convince themselves that they will not act on their unwanted thoughts, and that their intrinsic character or their love for the other person is strong enough to prevent them from doing some sort of harmful action. They may also repeatedly seek to determine whether they are a bad person for even dreaming up such a thought. And it is quite common for those with harming obsessions to repeatedly ask others for reassurance that they have not harmed someone or that they are not going to do so. But as anyone with Harm OCD knows, these efforts to gain certainty almost never provide the desired reassurance for the OCD sufferer, and the unwanted thoughts almost always increase in frequency and intensity. › Continue reading
Orthorexia: Where Eating Disorders Meet OCD
Orthorexia – The Not-So-Healthy Obsession with “Healthy” Eating
Individuals suffering with Orthorexia exhibit symptoms similar to those of OCD and Eating Disorders.
Orthorexia Nervosa (also simply known as Orthorexia) is a relatively new term within the psychological and medical fields. Simply defined, Orthorexia is an eating disorder in which an individual has an excessive and ultimately unhealthy obsession about maintaining a diet that is totally “healthy” and “pure”. Because of their extremely restrictive eating, individuals with Orthorexia are often severely underweight, and frequently lack the proper nourishment to perform basic daily activities. Like most cases involving an eating disorder, the outcome of Orthorexia can be severe malnutrition and a significant reduction of one’s quality of life.
Orthorexia has not yet been accepted as a formal diagnosis by the psychiatric community, and has not been defined within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV). However, since first being described by Dr. Steven Bratman in 1996, many health professionals have observed the often debilitating results of this condition. › Continue reading
OCD and Thought Suppression
Thought suppression is a common feature of OCD, especially for those with Pure Obsessional OCD (sometimes called "Pure O")
Over the last few weeks, I have had a secret. For most people, this secret would not have been seen as important, but to me it was. Every time I had these thoughts I became overwhelmed with anxiety, fear and an almost palpable sense of terror. As soon as the thought of this secret flashed through my mind, I would have visions that would take me to its worst-case outcome. As I played these thoughts out in my head, I physically experienced extreme anxiety, as if the discovery of my secret was actually happening.
Just a few days ago, I was on the treadmill and the thought flashed through my mind again. I was immediately plagued with heightened anxiety. Even the lady on the treadmill next to me noticed and commented that my face had a strange look on it. In response to the thought, I did what most people would do. I tried not to think about it.
At that point, I started a conversation with the lady next to me…and the thought popped up in my head. After the conversation was over, I read a trashy magazine… and the thought popped up in my head again. I then began running as fast as I could, dripping with sweat and breathing deeply, and the thought still managed to surface. Actually, not only did it surface, but it continued to inflate in my head, as if it was going to soon explode. › Continue reading
Sexual Orientation OCD: HOCD Sub-Types and Their Treatment
Jon Hershfield of the OCD Center of Los Angeles discusses treatment of Sexual Orientation OCD, also known as HOCD or Gay OCD, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness. Part three of an ongoing series.
There are many variations and sub-types of Sexual Orientation OCD (HOCD)
When I initially wrote the part one and part two of my article on Sexual Orientation OCD (aka “Homosexual OCD”, aka “HOCD”, aka “Gay OCD”), it was intended solely to reflect this rather common form of the disorder as I saw it presented in several of my clients. I had not anticipated such a significant online response, with so many additional questions and angles on the subject.
Sexual obsessions in general are under-reported because of shameful feelings associated with them. And yet there is probably a somewhat higher prevalence of sexual obsessions in OCD than any other obsession for this same reason – the thoughts are unwanted! This seems so very evident in Sexual Orientation OCD because the feared consequence appears so tangible. In other common OCD obsessions, such as “Harm OCD”, the idea that someone might be in denial of violent impulses is plenty terrifying. However, there is an understanding that being violent is unacceptable in and of itself. With Sexual Orientation OCD, the sufferer generally does not see anything wrong with being gay per se, as long as it is not themselves being gay. This causes a lot of confusion and a lot of resistance to seeking treatment. › Continue reading
Social Anxiety / Social Phobia: Alone With Witnesses – Part 2
In part one of this two-part series, we discussed the experience of the Social Anxiety sufferer. In part two, we examine how to treat this condition with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and how Social Anxiety relates to other Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders.
Treatment of Social Anxiety
Social Anxiety can be successfully treated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
The most effective form of treatment for Social Anxiety is the same as in other Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders – Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). This is because, like the other disorders in the spectrum, Social Anxiety involves an obsession and a series of compulsions which form a cycle.
The fundamental obsession in Social Anxiety is the fear of being evaluated negatively. This generally includes fears of being rejected, as well as the fear of being singled out for humiliation and traumatized by emotional abuse from others. The primary compulsion in Social Anxiety is the phobic avoidance of social situations in which one fears rejection and/or humiliation (thus its synonym, Social Phobia).
It is tempting to look at avoidance as the absence of engaging in social behavior. However, avoidance is an overt physical and mental behavior, the primary goal of which is to reduce or eliminate anxiety. For the individual with Social Anxiety, the act of choosing not to go to the party thus serves the same function as the act of choosing to wash one’s hands serves for the individual with OCD. Further, those with Social Anxiety who are able to commit to a social interaction may find themselves escaping mentally in the process by spending their energy focusing on things other than the present situation. › Continue reading
Social Anxiety / Social Phobia: Alone With Witnesses – Part 1
Many people mistakenly think of Social Anxiety as nothing more than shyness. In this two-part series, Jon Hershfield of the OCD Center of Los Angeles discusses Social Anxiety, its treatment with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and its relationship to other OC Spectrum Disorders.
Social Anxiety, also known as Social Phobia, is more than just shyness.
When I first began treating people with Social Anxiety Disorder (also known as Social Phobia), it seemed to me that this condition was primarily a problem of interesting people not realizing that they are interesting. While this is a significant element of the disorder, there is more going on than one might initially expect.
In reality, Social Anxiety and Social Phobia are terms used to describe a cluster of symptoms that center around the fear of being negatively evaluated by others. This is often confused with being shy or introverted, or even schizoid. An introvert may genuinely prefer the quiet solitude of turning inwards to the self rather than outwards to other people, while someone with schizoid personality disorder may simply not find the presence of other people to be pleasing. In either of these cases, the experience of isolation from others is essentially rooted in ego-syntonic thoughts, which simply means that the thoughts are consistent with the individual’s true beliefs and values. In other words, those who are truly introverted or schizoid genuinely prefer to be alone.
Conversely, a person suffering from Social Anxiety is burdened by unwanted intrusive thoughts about being judged, rejected, and/or and humiliated by others. › Continue reading
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) Research – Year in Review
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a condition in which one has an obsessive preoccupation with his or her physical appearance. We recently posted two articles about the condition, one on BDD in the media, and the other on BDD in teenagers. In the final installment of our three part series, we look at recent research related to this condition.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder and How We See Ourselves
Researchers are learning more about Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
This past year saw a number of interesting research studies on the topic of body image and Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). One study surveyed over 2200 men and women of various body types regarding their self-perceptions related to weight and body image. Those who completed the survey were evaluated for their body-mass index (BMI), a ratio of height to weight that provides a range of numerical values for what could be described as a “healthy weight”. Participants were also instructed to describe how they perceived their bodies, using a range of terms such as “slim” and “fat”.
The study found that only 13% of the women participants who were evaluated as having a “healthy” weight for their height (BMI) were satisfied with their overall appearance. More disturbing was the finding that only 6% of these women saw themselves as being “slim”. Conversely, only 6% of the male participants who were evaluated as having a healthy BMI saw themselves as “fat”. Furthermore, of the study participants who were actually overweight, twice as many women as men described themselves as being “ashamed” of their bodies. The most obvious conclusion we can draw from these data is that men and women see themselves in startlingly different ways, and have very different emotional reactions to their weight. › Continue reading
Treatment of OCD and OC Spectrum Disorders in Children
“If I knew then what I know now.”
Chances are, if you’re reading this, you’ve found yourself saying the same thing at some point in your adult life. Nowhere is this more relevant than from the perspective of someone looking back on a childhood with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) or an Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorder. When I meet a new client under 18, there is a powerful sense of traveling through time. I think, “If only I had someone like me to go back and talk to me when I was someone like this.” How much time might I have saved being able to resist repetitive, unnecessary rituals? How many more events, relationships, and simple moments of peace might I have been able to enjoy if only I had known what was really happening to me? › Continue reading
OCD Stockholm Syndrome
The “Stockholm Syndrome” is a term used to describe the phenomenon of hostages defending their captors. As a psychotherapist specializing in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), I have seen something akin to the Stockholm Syndrome many times. Clients struggling with this issue often have a mysterious internal debate that goes something like this:
“If I hate OCD so much, why do I fight so hard to keep it around? Maybe my OCD is a good thing. Maybe I need my OCD. After all, If I am not my OCD, then who am I?”
This scenario typically (although not always) presents itself several months into therapy, long after the client has gained some autonomy from their OCD through the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Subscribe
Recent Posts
Topics
OCD Archives
- January 2012
- November 2011
- October 2011
- August 2011
- July 2011
- June 2011
- May 2011
- March 2011
- February 2011
- January 2011
- November 2010
- October 2010
- September 2010
- August 2010
- July 2010
- June 2010
- May 2010
- April 2010
- March 2010
- February 2010
- January 2010
- December 2009
- November 2009
- October 2009
- September 2009
- August 2009
- July 2009
- June 2009
Links
Contact
